Christine Benz è una analista di Morningstar specializzata nei problemi di asset allocation che interessano chi è già in pensione, o chi si avvicina alla pensione.
In una serie di tre articoli ha recentemente proposto dei portafogli passivi costruiti mediante ETF e corrispondenti a tre profili di rischio diversi: conservativo, moderato e aggressivo. In questo post descrive l'asset allocation conservativa da lei consigliata:
Secondo la Benz si tratta di un portafogli indicato per pensionati con un orizzonte temporale (indicativamente pari alla speranza di vita residua) intorno ai 10-15 anni. Si gioca quindi in difesa, con lo scopo primario di difendere la stabilità e il potere di acquisto.
A un 25% di asset azionari, prevalentemente negli U.S.A. com'è naturale - ma non necessario - per un investitore americano, si somma un 29% di obbligazioni governative inflation-linked, 7% di liquidità, il 13% di obbligazioni a breve termine e il rimanente 26% investito in obbligazioni corporate e municipali.
E' interessante come la liquidità sia limitata al 7%, malgrado l'obiettivo molto conservativo: ecco come giustifica questa scelta la Benz:
The Role of CashAs with the portfolios composed of traditional mutual funds, you'll notice that the portfolios I've included here have very limited cash holdings. Morningstar's Lifetime Allocation Indexes include cash only insofar as it improves the portfolio's overall risk/return characteristics, not for liquidity purposes. The amount of cash you hold will be highly dependent on your personal situation: your spending needs, whether you're receiving income from other sources, and the size of your overall portfolio. The conventional rule of thumb is that retirees should hold two to five years' worth of living expenses in cash. But with cash yields as low as they are right now, I think it makes sense to keep cash at the low end of this range and then invest any additional monies you expect to be tapping in the two- to five-year time frame in a high-quality short-term bond fund such as Vanguard Short-Term Bond.
Utilizzando l'asset allocation backtester di assetplay.net il migliore clone del portafoglio che mi è riuscito di costruire con gli asset a disposizione è costruito come vedete in figura
Ed ecco come se l'è cavata nel periodo 1972-2008 (in dollari U.S.A.): un rendimento annualizzato dell'8.6% con una deviazione standard del 6.3% e un massimo drawdown (su dati annuali) inferiore al 9% sono risultati non disprezzabili.
Due osservazioni prima di darvi appuntamento con l'analisi dei profili moderati e aggressivo, nei prossimi giorni.
La prima osservazione è come l'asset allocation secondo mio cuggino generi un flusso di rendimenti leggermente superiore con una deviazione standard di poco superiore anch'essa ma con una correlazione molto inferiore con i mercati azionari. Merito certamente dell'oro nel portafoglio.
La seconda osservazione è come l'enfasi sulle scadenze brevi del portafoglio conservativo, insieme alla quota rilevante investita in obbligazioni inflation-linked, possa costituire una buona difesa anche nel caso che l'inflazione si faccia di nuovo sentire, e che le obbligazioni siano veramente alla fine del loro ciclo toro come alcuni sostengono.
Ricordo a tutti i lettori che le analisi e le simulazioni descritte in questo blog sono da considerarsi sempre e comunque risultati teorici e relativi al passato. Chiunque decidesse di utilizzare le strategie descritte o qualsiasi altra informazione tratta da questo blog per decisioni di investimento se ne assume completamente la responsabilità.
Visualizzazione post con etichetta pensioni. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta pensioni. Mostra tutti i post
lunedì 18 ottobre 2010
domenica 19 settembre 2010
Che si fa quando i tassi di interesse sono troppo bassi? Si risparmia!
Nell'ultimo numero dell'Economist Buttonwood si domanda se i bassissimi tassi di renumerazione del capitale adottati dalle banche centrali in Europa e negli USA non finiscano per incoraggiare troppo il risparmio, vanificando uno degli obiettivi dei banchieri centrali (rendere attraenti gli investimenti rischiosi).
Investors seem to have two reactions to the prospect of a prolonged period of low rates. For the bulls, it is a sign that investors will eventually decide to reject the safety of cash in favour of the higher returns available from riskier assets.(...)
For the bears, low rates are a sign of the desperation of central bankers, and an indication that economic growth will be subdued for some time to come. They predict Japanese-style stagnation.
Not everyone accepts the Japanese parallel. But there is a reasonably broad consensus that growth will be more sluggish than it might have been, thanks to the lingering effects of the financial crisis and to deteriorating demography, particularly in western Europe.
Ma al di là della diatriba tori contro orsi, uno dei nodi principali sono le pensioni:
A long period of low rates has profound consequences for savers. Take pensions.(...) Low rates increase the liabilities of pension schemes. Or, put another way, you need a much larger capital pot to buy a given level of income. According to Nick Horsfall of Towers Watson, a consultant actuary, British liabilities have risen by 15% over the past three years, thanks to lower nominal government-bond yields.
In addition, deflation is a hidden risk for pension schemes. If it occurs, it will cut the nominal incomes of those (companies, public-sector bodies) that have to fund future pensions, creating another potential gap between assets and liabilities. It is possible for pension funds to insure themselves against deflation in the derivatives market. But the cost of this has risen sharply in recent years, as deflation has become more likely.
However pensions are funded, the consequences are clear. More money will have to be put aside to pay for them. In other words, savings will have to go up.
La scelta sembra essere obbligata: al deleveraging si aggiunge un accumulazione di capitale, anche se con rendimenti esigui, nel tentativo disperato di non morire di fame quando si va in pensione.
Indeed, the rich world may be due for a cultural shift. If the motto of the past 25 years was “borrow now, pay later”, then “save now, rather than starve later” might soon be the more appropriate philosophy. Many people are unprepared for retirement. (...) If they think they will have a comfortable retirement on state benefits, they are in for a nasty surprise.
Interest-rate cuts hurt savers’ incomes even as they make borrowers better off. If this income effect were to become powerful enough, it would be a nice irony. Low interest rates, which have the main aim of encouraging spending, could have the perverse effect of encouraging saving.
Investors seem to have two reactions to the prospect of a prolonged period of low rates. For the bulls, it is a sign that investors will eventually decide to reject the safety of cash in favour of the higher returns available from riskier assets.(...)
For the bears, low rates are a sign of the desperation of central bankers, and an indication that economic growth will be subdued for some time to come. They predict Japanese-style stagnation.
Not everyone accepts the Japanese parallel. But there is a reasonably broad consensus that growth will be more sluggish than it might have been, thanks to the lingering effects of the financial crisis and to deteriorating demography, particularly in western Europe.
Ma al di là della diatriba tori contro orsi, uno dei nodi principali sono le pensioni:
A long period of low rates has profound consequences for savers. Take pensions.(...) Low rates increase the liabilities of pension schemes. Or, put another way, you need a much larger capital pot to buy a given level of income. According to Nick Horsfall of Towers Watson, a consultant actuary, British liabilities have risen by 15% over the past three years, thanks to lower nominal government-bond yields.
In addition, deflation is a hidden risk for pension schemes. If it occurs, it will cut the nominal incomes of those (companies, public-sector bodies) that have to fund future pensions, creating another potential gap between assets and liabilities. It is possible for pension funds to insure themselves against deflation in the derivatives market. But the cost of this has risen sharply in recent years, as deflation has become more likely.
However pensions are funded, the consequences are clear. More money will have to be put aside to pay for them. In other words, savings will have to go up.
La scelta sembra essere obbligata: al deleveraging si aggiunge un accumulazione di capitale, anche se con rendimenti esigui, nel tentativo disperato di non morire di fame quando si va in pensione.
Indeed, the rich world may be due for a cultural shift. If the motto of the past 25 years was “borrow now, pay later”, then “save now, rather than starve later” might soon be the more appropriate philosophy. Many people are unprepared for retirement. (...) If they think they will have a comfortable retirement on state benefits, they are in for a nasty surprise.
Interest-rate cuts hurt savers’ incomes even as they make borrowers better off. If this income effect were to become powerful enough, it would be a nice irony. Low interest rates, which have the main aim of encouraging spending, could have the perverse effect of encouraging saving.
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